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BAD TIMES, SLIMMER CHILDREN?

Cristina Bellés-Obrero1, Sergi Jiménez-Martín1,2, Judit Vall-Castello3

  • 1Department of Economics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

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Economic downturns reduce childhood obesity but increase underweight prevalence, particularly in younger and older children. These shifts are linked to diet and exercise changes, with potential long-term health implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Recessions are known to benefit adult health and birth outcomes.
  • The impact of economic cycles on child health, specifically weight disorders, is less understood.
  • Existing literature has not fully explored the nuanced effects of business cycles on pediatric obesity and underweight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between business cycle conditions and infant underweight, overweight, and obesity in children.
  • To identify specific age groups most affected by economic shocks regarding weight disorders.
  • To explore the mediating factors, such as diet and physical activity, influencing these outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eight waves of repeated cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey (1987-2012).
  • Focused on children aged 2-15 years.
  • Employed the regional unemployment rate as a proxy for local business cycle conditions during the interview trimester.

Main Results:

  • Increased unemployment rates were associated with decreased obesity incidence, notably in children under 6 and over 12 years old.
  • Economic shocks correlated with increased prevalence of infant underweight in the same age groups.
  • Dietary nutritional composition and exercise frequency were identified as potential mediating mechanisms for infant obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Economic cycles have differential impacts on child weight status, reducing obesity but increasing underweight.
  • While short-term health consequences appear minimal, long-term risks associated with childhood underweight are significant.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions during economic fluctuations.