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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.7K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

901
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
901
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.1K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

3.3K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
3.3K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.5K
Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
1.5K
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

4.8K
Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic...
4.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice
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Spinal Injections for Pain Management.

William E Palmer1

  • 1From the Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, YAW 6030, Boston, MA 02114.

Radiology
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Radiologists performing image-guided spinal injections use corticosteroid injections to manage pain. This guide details the rationale, patient interaction, imaging

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pain Management
  • Interventional Spine Procedures

Background:

  • Image-guided spinal injections are frequently used for pain relief, diagnosis, and surgical avoidance.
  • Radiologists act as spine interventionists, performing corticosteroid injections for pain management.
  • Effective pain management services rely on communication and risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance for radiologists performing corticosteroid injections for spinal pain.
  • To cover the rationale, patient interaction, imaging's role, and procedural techniques.
  • To highlight the importance of correlating clinical symptoms with imaging findings.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on the radiologist's role as a spine interventionist.
  • Discusses the rationale for corticosteroid use in pain management.

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  • Emphasizes the role of imaging in procedural selection and planning.
  • Details fluoroscopically guided injection techniques, including pearls and pitfalls.
  • Highlights the correlation of clinical symptoms with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Radiologists can differentiate active pain generators from incidental findings using MR imaging.
    • Understanding fluoroscopic anatomy and contrast flow is crucial for safe and effective needle placement.
    • Successful outcomes depend on strong communication skills and effective risk mitigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiologists are key in image-guided spinal interventions for pain management.
    • Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning rely on integrating clinical information with advanced imaging.
    • Mastery of fluoroscopic techniques ensures safe and effective corticosteroid injections.