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How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis.

Trina Rytwinski¹, Kylie Soanes², Jochen A G Jaeger³

¹Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada.

|November 22, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Road mitigation measures reduce wildlife road-kill by 40%. Fences are most effective, reducing large mammal road-kill by 83%, while inexpensive measures like reflectors show minimal impact and require further testing.

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Area of Science:

Wildlife ecology
Transportation ecology
Conservation biology

Background:

Road traffic is a major cause of wildlife mortality globally.
Over forty road mitigation measures exist, but their effectiveness and cost-efficiency are poorly understood.
Road planners lack clear guidance on selecting the most effective wildlife road-kill reduction strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of various road mitigation measures in reducing wildlife road-kill.
To compare the cost-effectiveness of different mitigation strategies, particularly for large mammals.
To identify research gaps and recommend improved study designs for future mitigation evaluations.

Main Methods:

Meta-analysis of 50 studies quantifying the relationship between road-kill and mitigation measures.
Comparison of road-kill reduction percentages across different mitigation types (fences, crossing structures, detection systems, reflectors).
Analysis of effectiveness based on measure cost and target species (large mammals).

Main Results:

Overall, mitigation measures reduced road-kill by 40%.
Fences, with or without crossing structures, reduced road-kill by 54%.
Expensive measures, like fencing combined with crossing structures, significantly reduced large mammal road-kill (83%) compared to inexpensive ones (e.g., wildlife reflectors: 1%). Crossing structures alone showed no significant effect without fencing.

Conclusions:

Fencing is a highly effective measure for reducing wildlife road-kill, especially for large mammals.
Inexpensive measures like wildlife reflectors should be used cautiously and validated with rigorous experimental designs.
More research is needed on less common mitigation strategies and the specific attributes influencing the effectiveness of structures and fences. Improved study designs, including longer-term data collection (minimum four years) and control groups, are recommended.