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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Related Experiment Video

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A DNA/Ki67-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Vaccinated Mice
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Cytomegalovirus Reinfections Stimulate CD8 T-Memory Inflation.

Joanne Trgovcich1, Michelle Kincaid1, Alicia Thomas1

  • 1Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.

Plos One
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause T-cell memory inflation. Reinfections, rather than reactivation, appear more critical for boosting this sustained immune response in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) induces persistent CD8 T-effector memory cells, known as memory inflation.
  • Human CMV-specific T-memory responses show variability, unlike robust murine models.
  • Reactivation events are historically assumed drivers of human memory inflation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of primary infection, reinfection, and reactivation on murine CMV (mCMV) memory inflation.
  • To understand the variability in T-cell memory responses observed in human CMV infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a murine model to study primary infection, reinfection, and reactivation stimuli.
  • Quantified mCMV-specific CD8 T-cells and antibody responses.
  • Assessed the impact of low-titer infections and heterologous reinfections.

Main Results:

  • Low-titer mCMV infections resulted in partial memory inflation of CD8 T-cells and antibodies.
  • Reinfection with different mCMV strains enhanced partial memory inflation.
  • A single strong reactivation stimulus did not significantly stimulate memory inflation.

Conclusions:

  • High-titer primary CMV infections can induce memory inflation.
  • Reinfections may play a more significant role in driving memory inflation than previously thought.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing CMV persistence and immune responses.