Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intraflagellar transport protein IFT172 contains a C-terminal ubiquitin-binding U-box-like domain involved in ciliary signaling.

eLife·2026

Same author

Microchimerism in the human brain, quantitative assessment and single nuclei profiling establish cell types and diversity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Regulatory elements in the Sox9 locus license the initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Endometrial immune markers are upregulated in the proliferative and secretory phases in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Journal of reproductive immunology·2026

Same author

Microenvironmental acidosis drives PARP- and ATM inhibitor resistance in p53 deficient pancreatic cancer.

iScience·2026

Same author

pH-Dependent Microenvironmental Ionic Signaling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Identification of a Nuclear Exosome Decay Pathway for Processed Transcripts.

Nicola Meola¹, Michal Domanski¹, Evdoxia Karadoulama²

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

|November 23, 2016

Summary

The RNA exosome degrades nuclear RNA. New research reveals the poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) connection, involving ZFC3H1 and PABPN1, which targets processed transcripts, distinct from the NEXT complex.

Keywords:

NEXT complex PAXT connection RNA exosome nuclear RNA decay poly(A) tail

More Related Videos

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Published on: July 10, 2019

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 2, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Published on: July 10, 2019

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
RNA Biology

Background:

The RNA exosome is crucial for RNA degradation in eukaryotic nuclei.
Co-factors like Mtr4p/hMTR4 link the exosome to RNA-binding protein adaptors for substrate targeting.
The human nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) complex, including hMTR4, ZCCHC8, and RBM7, targets early, unprocessed transcripts.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanism by which the nuclear exosome recognizes and targets processed RNA transcripts.
To identify novel targeting mechanisms beyond the known NEXT complex.
To understand how different RNA maturation states are recognized by the nuclear exosome.

Main Methods:

Depletion studies of ZFC3H1 and PABPN1.
Analysis of RNA transcript accumulation and polyadenylation status.
Investigation of protein-protein interactions between exosome co-factors and adaptors.

Main Results:

A novel poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) connection was identified, linking hMTR4 to ZFC3H1 and PABPN1.
Depletion of ZFC3H1 or PABPN1 led to the accumulation of longer, more polyadenylated transcripts compared to NEXT substrates.
ZFC3H1/PABPN1 and ZCCHC8/RBM7 interact with hMTR4 in a mutually exclusive manner.

Conclusions:

The nuclear exosome utilizes distinct adaptor complexes to target RNAs based on their maturation status.
The PAXT connection targets processed, polyadenylated RNAs, while NEXT targets unprocessed RNAs.
Substitution of hMTR4-associating adaptors allows the exosome to discriminate between different RNA substrates.