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FES and spasticity.

A Stefanovska, L Vodovnik, N Gros

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Functional electrical stimulation (FES) effectively reduces tonic spasticity in hemiplegic patients. Early FES application may prevent the development of long-term tonic spasticity, improving muscle function.

    Area of Science:

    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Neuroscience
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Spasticity in hemiplegia presents with distinct phasic and tonic components.
    • Phasic spasticity is velocity-dependent, appearing early post-injury.
    • Tonic spasticity is length-dependent, worsening over time and altering muscle properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a model of hemiplegic spasticity using electromyographical and biomechanical data.
    • To evaluate the long-term effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on spasticity components.
    • To correlate changes in spasticity with functional improvements in hemiplegic patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a spasticity model based on passive muscle stretching parameters.
    • Assessed hemiplegic patients with peroneal nerve stimulators over one year.

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  • Measured spasticity components, muscle stretch/tension, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction.

    • Main Results:

    • Long-term FES decreased tonic spasticity in ankle antagonist muscles.
    • Phasic spasticity increased in the stimulated tibialis anterior muscle.
    • Voluntary muscle strength improved, correlating with spasticity changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Tonic spasticity holds greater clinical significance than phasic spasticity.
    • FES can reduce tonic spasticity and potentially prevent its onset if applied early.
    • The developed model aids in understanding spasticity and FES effects.