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Related Experiment Video

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Does long term low impact stress cause population extinction?

M J B Amorim1, C Pereira1, A M V M Soares1

  • 1Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|November 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multigenerational exposure to cadmium (Cd) impacted soil invertebrates. While high Cd concentrations (EC50) allowed survival and increased tolerance in Folsomia candida, low concentrations (EC10) caused population extinction.

Keywords:
KurtosisMultigenerationalPopulation size distributionSkewnessTolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Soil invertebrate biology

Background:

  • Continuous exposure to toxicants can lead to adaptation in soil invertebrates.
  • Understanding multigenerational effects is crucial for ecological risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess multigenerational (MG) effects of cadmium (Cd) on the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida.
  • To investigate adaptation mechanisms and tolerance limits to Cd exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 40 multigenerational reproduction tests with Folsomia candida under continuous Cd exposure (EC10 and EC50).
  • Monitored survival, reproduction, size, and metallothionein (MTc) gene expression.
  • Performed additional toxicity tests on various generations (F6, F10, F26, F34, F40) to assess adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to Cd EC10 led to population extinction, while EC50 allowed survival.
  • Cd exposure induced MTc gene up-regulation, correlating with increased tolerance at EC50.
  • Cd EC10 caused a shift to smaller organism size, whereas EC50 induced a shift to larger size.
  • Sensitivity initially increased then reverted; maximum Cd tolerance increased at EC50 over generations.

Conclusions:

  • Folsomia candida exhibits varying responses to Cd, with potential for adaptation at higher concentrations.
  • Size distribution shifts may serve as predictive indicators of toxicant effects.
  • Findings have implications for environmental risk assessment of cadmium in soil ecosystems.