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Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase
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One-carbon metabolism and epigenetics.

Simonetta Friso1, Silvia Udali1, Domenica De Santis1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|November 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

One-carbon metabolism provides methyl groups essential for DNA and histone methylation, key epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Nutrients involved in this metabolism significantly influence epigenetic modifications, impacting health and disease prevention.

Keywords:
CholineDNA methylationEpigeneticsFolateHistone modificationsOne-carbon metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • One-carbon metabolism supplies methyl groups crucial for biological methylation reactions.
  • DNA and histone methylation are fundamental epigenetic mechanisms regulating mammalian genome expression.
  • Key nutrients like folate, vitamin B12, and choline are vital co-factors in one-carbon metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between one-carbon metabolism nutrients and epigenetic phenomena.
  • To explore how nutritional interventions can influence epigenetic pathways for disease prevention.
  • To synthesize current knowledge from cell culture, animal models, and human studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing findings from cell culture experiments.
  • Analysis of data from animal models investigating nutrient-epigenetic interactions.
  • Examination of human studies on one-carbon nutrients and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Evidence demonstrates a strong inter-relationship between one-carbon metabolism nutrients and epigenetic processes.
  • Nutrients play a critical role as co-factors or methyl donors/acceptors in methylation reactions.
  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone alterations, are influenced by nutrient availability.

Conclusions:

  • One-carbon nutrients are critical modulators of epigenetic phenomena.
  • Nutritional interventions targeting one-carbon metabolism hold potential for influencing gene expression and disease outcomes.
  • Further research integrating cell, animal, and human data is essential to fully elucidate these links.