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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption.

Jonathan M Castro1, Benoit Cordonnier2,3, C Ian Schipper4

  • 1Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Becherweg 21, Mainz D-55099, Germany.

Nature Communications
|November 24, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Explosive volcanic eruptions can drive magma intrusions, forming laccoliths. This challenges the traditional view and highlights new volcanic hazards associated with these eruptive features.

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Geophysics
  • Tectonics

Background:

  • Magmatic intrusions traditionally precede and feed volcanic eruptions.
  • Shallow magma intrusions form subsurface reservoirs that fuel eruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if explosive eruptions can cause magma intrusion.
  • To analyze the formation of a laccolith during the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption.

Main Methods:

  • Remote sensing analysis of ground deformation.
  • Digital terrain modeling to resolve subsurface geometry.
  • Deformation and conduit flow modeling to determine laccolith depth and overpressure.

Main Results:

  • A laccolith emplaced rapidly after the onset of the 2011 rhyolite eruption.
  • Significant surface uplift (>200 m) observed over one month.
  • Laccolith estimated at ~0.8 km³, at shallow depths (20-200 m) with high overpressures (1-10 MPa).

Conclusions:

  • Explosive eruptions can force magma into the crust, forming laccoliths.
  • Laccoliths can be eruptive features, not just precursors.
  • These findings reveal previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.