The common zoonotic protozoal diseases causing abortion
1Veterinary Research Division, Department of Zoonosis, National Research Center, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Post Box: 12622, Giza, Egypt.
Summary
Common zoonotic protozoal diseases like toxoplasmosis and neosporosis cause significant abortions in humans and animals. Further evaluation of their zoonotic impact and control strategies is crucial.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Parasitology
- Public Health
Background:
- Four common zoonotic protozoal diseases—toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, sarcosporidiosis, and trypanosomiasis—are significant causes of abortion in humans and animals.
- Toxoplasmosis, caused by *Toxoplasma gondii*, is a major global cause of abortion in pregnant women and animals, with potential congenital effects in newborns.
- Neosporosis (*Neospora caninum*) causes substantial economic losses in cattle due to abortion, though it is not recognized as a human pathogen.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence, impact, and zoonotic potential of protozoal abortions.
- It examines the roles of *Toxoplasma gondii*, *Neospora caninum*, *Sarcocystis* spp., and *Trypanosoma evansi* in reproductive losses.
- The review also briefly touches upon non-zoonotic causes like trichomoniasis and babesiosis.
Key Points:
- Toxoplasmosis affects approximately one-third of the human population and can lead to severe outcomes in congenitally infected children and livestock fetuses.
- Neosporosis is a primary cause of abortion in cattle, impacting milk and meat production.
- Sarcosporidiosis and trypanosomiasis also contribute to abortion in livestock, with limited human health implications noted for sarcosporidiosis and a single human case of trypanosomiasis reported.
Conclusions:
- While some protozoal diseases like neosporosis have limited direct human impact, toxoplasmosis poses a significant global health concern.
- Further research is needed to fully evaluate the zoonotic impact of these diseases.
- Effective control strategies for these widespread protozoal infections require broader assessment and implementation.
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