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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Pediatric Statin Administration: Navigating a Frontier with Limited Data.

Jonathan Wagner1, Susan M Abdel-Rahman2

  • 1Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri ; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
|November 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric dyslipidemia treatment with statins faces challenges due to variable responses. Updated guidelines and understanding statin pathways can help optimize dosage for better outcomes in children and adolescents.

Keywords:
atorvastatindyslipidemiafluvastatinlovastatinpediatricspharmacogenomicspharmacokineticspravastatinrosuvastatinsimvastatinstatin

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Dyslipidemia is increasingly prevalent in children and adolescents, often requiring pharmacologic intervention.
  • Statins are the primary pharmacologic treatment for pediatric dyslipidemia after lifestyle modifications fail.
  • Variability in statin dose-exposure-response profiles contributes to adverse events and treatment failure in pediatric patients.

Approach:

  • This review outlines updated guidelines for screening and managing pediatric dyslipidemia.
  • It details the statin disposition pathway in children and adolescents.
  • The review aims to guide providers in identifying situations requiring dosage adjustments.

Key Points:

  • Statin therapy is crucial for pediatric dyslipidemia but shows significant inter-individual variability.
  • Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of statins in pediatric populations is essential.
  • Adherence to updated screening and management guidelines is recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing statin dosage based on individual patient needs is critical for effective pediatric dyslipidemia management.
  • Further research into the causes of treatment failure in children is warranted.
  • This review provides a framework for personalized statin therapy in pediatric patients.