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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

2.1K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
2.1K
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

1.5K
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
1.5K
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

3.7K
An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
3.7K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

2.1K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
2.1K
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

394
Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
394
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

211
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
211

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

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Raman Spectroscopy: A Sensitive and Specific Technique for Determining the Accuracy of Compounded Pharmaceutical

Claudia Meek1, Jihye Hoe1, Jason Evans2

  • 1Office of Clinical & Translational Science, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
|November 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy reliably verifies the accuracy of compounded pharmaceutical formulations. This pilot study demonstrates its potential as a quality control tool for pharmacies, ensuring precise drug composition.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopypharmaceutical formulationspharmacy compoundingquality control

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An Integrated Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Platform to Study Single-Cell Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects
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A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
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An Integrated Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Platform to Study Single-Cell Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a common technique for identifying chemical substances.
  • Compounded pharmaceutical formulations present a unique challenge due to their complex mixtures.
  • Quality control of compounded medications is essential for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Raman spectroscopy for quality control of compounded pharmaceutical formulations.
  • To determine if Raman spectroscopy can accurately verify the composition of mixed pharmaceutical ingredients.
  • To assess the potential of Raman spectroscopy in ensuring the accuracy of compounded drugs.

Main Methods:

  • A "testing a test" study design was employed.
  • Nine commonly compounded pharmaceutical formulations and two blank controls were randomly tested.
  • A total of 110 replicate tests were performed to assess accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Raman spectroscopy demonstrated 100% positive predictive value in verifying compounded formulations.
  • The technique proved to be a reliable method for assessing compounding accuracy.
  • Results indicate high accuracy in identifying the composition of pharmaceutical mixtures.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for compounding pharmacies.
  • It offers an objective measure for ensuring the accuracy of unique pharmaceutical formulations.
  • This technology can enhance quality control in pharmaceutical compounding.