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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents01:13

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

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Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and  the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:28

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

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Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
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High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
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On-chip diamagnetic repulsion in continuous flow.

Mark D Tarn1, Noriyuki Hirota2, Alexander Iles1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
|November 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a microfluidic system for particle separation using magnetic fields. Larger diamagnetic particles showed greater deflection in higher magnetic fields and solution concentrations, enabling size-based sorting.

Keywords:
continuous flowdiamagnetic repulsionmicrofluidicmicroparticlessuperconducting magnet

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic systems offer precise control over small volumes.
  • Magnetic manipulation is a promising technique for particle separation.
  • Diamagnetic materials can be repelled by strong magnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of a microfluidic continuous flow particle separation system.
  • To evaluate the deflection behavior of diamagnetic particles in a high magnetic field.
  • To determine the influence of particle size and solution concentration on separation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microfluidic chamber with diamagnetic polystyrene particles.
  • Employed a superconducting magnet to generate a high magnetic field.
  • Investigated particle deflection in varying manganese (II) chloride concentrations (6% and 10%) and particle sizes (5 μm and 10 μm).

Main Results:

  • Larger particles (10 μm) exhibited greater repulsion than smaller particles (5 μm).
  • Increased manganese (II) chloride concentration significantly enhanced particle deflection.
  • The system demonstrated size-dependent separation of diamagnetic particles.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidic continuous flow system is viable for separating materials based on size and diamagnetic susceptibility.
  • This technology holds potential for sorting small biological species for further research.
  • Magnetic repulsion offers a non-invasive method for microparticle manipulation and separation.