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Updated: Mar 11, 2026
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Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
Published on: October 5, 2009
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C2-C3 Anterior Cervical Fusion: Technical Report
Michael A Finn1, Joel D MacDonald
1*Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City †Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT.
Clinical Spine Surgery
|November 24, 2016
Summary
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at the C2-C3 level is a viable treatment for high cervical issues, though it carries higher risks. Fusion rates are comparable to other cervical levels.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Spine Surgery
Background:
- The anterior approach for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is standard for the lower cervical spine.
- Its application in the high cervical spine (C2-C3) is less common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the anterior approach for ACDF at the C2-C3 level.
- To evaluate its effectiveness for treating instability and degenerative conditions in the high cervical spine.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 11 patients undergoing ACDF at C2-C3 over 10 years.
- Evaluation of demographic data, indications, surgical technique, complications, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Seven patients had traumatic fractures, four had degenerative disc disease.
- Significant improvement in myelopathy (Nurick grade) and pain was observed.
- Solid bony fusion achieved in 5/7 patients at 3 months; complications included dysphagia and construct failure.
Conclusions:
- ACDF at C2-C3 is a treatment option for high cervical trauma or disease.
- This approach is associated with increased approach-related morbidity.
- Fusion rates appear similar to other cervical levels; anatomical knowledge is key to minimizing complications.
