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Related Concept Videos

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Internal anal sphincter: Clinical perspective.

Lalit Kumar1, Anton Emmanuel2

  • 1GI Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, London, UK.

The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland
|November 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes current knowledge of the internal anal sphincter (IAS), a key muscle for fecal continence. Advances in IAS assessment and treatment are promising but require further research for clinical integration.

Keywords:
Anal sphincterIASInternal anal sphincterInternal sphincter

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The internal anal sphincter (IAS) is crucial for maintaining resting anal pressure and fecal continence.
  • Dysfunction of the IAS leads to passive incontinence of feces and flatus.
  • The IAS is a significant focus for surgeons due to new assessment and treatment modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge regarding the internal anal sphincter.
  • To identify areas requiring further scientific investigation related to the IAS.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Relevant studies focusing on the internal anal sphincter were identified and reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Evidence regarding the IAS has been summarized, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
  • Advantages and limitations of various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the IAS were highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding of IAS physiology and pharmacology has significantly advanced over the past 30 years.
  • Numerous diagnostic and therapeutic techniques targeting the IAS have emerged.
  • While promising, these new IAS techniques necessitate further research before widespread clinical adoption.