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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Treatment with Vancomycin Loaded Calcium Sulphate and Autogenous Bone in an Improved Rabbit Model of Bone Infection
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Hematogenous Calcaneal Osteomyelitis in Children.

Megan L Mooney1, Kirk Haidet1, Jiayong Liu1

  • 1University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Foot & Ankle Specialist
|November 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing and treating calcaneal osteomyelitis in children lacks a clear standard approach. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly effective for diagnosis, while Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen.

Keywords:
calcaneuschildrenhematogenousosteomyelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis typically affects long bones in children.
  • Calcaneal osteomyelitis is an uncommon presentation.
  • Limited research exists on diagnosing and treating this specific condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review diagnostic and treatment strategies for calcaneal osteomyelitis in children.
  • To identify associated complications of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review using PubMed and EMBASE databases.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities, clinical presentations, causative organisms, treatment regimens, and complications.

Main Results:

  • No standardized diagnostic or treatment protocol was identified.
  • Refusal to bear weight was the most frequent clinical symptom.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated 100% diagnostic accuracy; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 79-97% of cases.
  • Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen.
  • Treatments included antibiotics alone or combined with surgical debridement.
  • Recurrent osteomyelitis was the most frequent complication.

Conclusions:

  • Calcaneal osteomyelitis in children presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal management guidelines.