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Cytomegalovirus Vaccines: Current Status and Future Prospects.

K M Anderholm1, C J Bierle1, M R Schleiss2

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Developing a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine is a public health priority due to severe neurological injury in newborns and disease in transplant recipients. Current vaccine candidates show promise in clinical trials for preventing HCMV infection and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe neurological damage in newborns, necessitating vaccine development.
  • HCMV also poses risks to solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, highlighting the need for preventative vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current HCMV vaccine candidates and their development status.
  • To update on ongoing clinical trials for HCMV vaccines.
  • To discuss the unique immunization needs of different target populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCMV vaccine research.
  • Analysis of data from ongoing clinical trials.
  • Examination of immunological correlates of protection.

Main Results:

  • Recombinant HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccines show efficacy in preventing infection in young women and benefit SOT recipients.
  • DNA vaccines targeting gB and pp65 reduce viremia in HSCT patients.
  • Progress has been made in clinical trials, with no licensed HCMV vaccine currently available.

Conclusions:

  • HCMV vaccine development is advancing, with promising candidates in clinical trials.
  • Protective immunity correlates may differ between pregnant women and transplant recipients.
  • Future HCMV vaccine licensure will consider the specific needs of diverse target populations.