Activating concepts by activating experiential traces: investigations with a series of anagram solution tasks

According to the experiential-simulations view of language, words automatically activate experiential traces that stem from the reader's interactions with their referents. Here, we focus on the corresponding influence in the opposite direction. By means of an anagram-solving task we investigated whether activating spatial experiential traces would activate the corresponding concepts, which in turn facilitates access to associated words. Participants solved anagrams of nouns associated with the ocean or the sky (e.g. dolphin = " dplhion" or cloud = " cdulo"). In six experiments we provided additional context information such as positional information (presenting the anagram at the top or the bottom of the screen), or pictorial information that either matched the ocean and sky theme or not, or both positional and pictorial information. Anagrams were solved faster when the position of the anagram was congruent with the location of the noun's referent in the real world, but only when presented on the background of an ocean-sky picture. Thus, activating experiential traces indeed seems to activate related concepts but positional information alone is not enough to find facilitation in an anagram solving task. Rather what is needed is a whole set of traces that sufficiently narrow down the number of related concepts.