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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 2: Flexural strength testing.

Michael Wendler1, Renan Belli2, Anselm Petschelt2

  • 1Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Zahnklinik 1-Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Forschungslabor für dentale Biomaterialien, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The ball-on-three-ball (B3B) test reliably measures the biaxial strength of small dental CAD/CAM blocks. This method accounts for size effects, providing crucial data for restorative material selection.

Keywords:
4-point bendingB3B-testBiaxial strengthCAD/CAMDental ceramicsResin composites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Dental restorative strength is critical for clinical success.
  • Standardized strength testing of small CAD/CAM blocks is challenging due to dimensional limitations.
  • Weibull theory predicts size effects on material strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and validate the ball-on-three-ball (B3B) biaxial strength test for small dental CAD/CAM blocks.
  • Evaluate the influence of specimen size on the measured strength of these materials.
  • Provide a reliable method for assessing the mechanical properties of chairside CAD/CAM materials.

Main Methods:

  • Eight representative chairside CAD/CAM materials were selected.
  • Specimens were prepared in rectangular plate and round disc geometries (12x12x1.2mm³ and Ø=12mm, thickness=1.2mm).
  • Biaxial strength was determined using the B3B test and finite element analysis; size effects were assessed using 4-point bending data.

Main Results:

  • The B3B test showed good agreement between plate and disc geometries.
  • Biaxial strength values varied significantly, from 110.9 MPa (Vitablocs Mark II) to 1303.21 MPa (e.max ZirCAD).
  • A clear strength dependency on specimen size was demonstrated via calculated effective volume/surface.

Conclusions:

  • The B3B test is a reliable and simple method for determining the biaxial strength of small CAD/CAM blocks.
  • The test provides a flexible solution, particularly with rectangular plate geometries.
  • This method aids in the accurate characterization of dental restorative materials.