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Deriving the Time Course of Glutamate Clearance with a Deconvolution Analysis of Astrocytic Transporter Currents
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Vesicular Glutamate Uptake.

Tetsufumi Ueda1,2,3

  • 1Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. tueda@umich.edu.

Advances in Neurobiology
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) concentrate glutamate into vesicles for neurotransmission. This process uses ATP and chloride, with vesicle-bound enzymes supplying energy and synthesizing glutamate.

Keywords:
Aspartate aminotransferaseGlutamate uptakeGlyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenaseGlycolytic ATPSynaptic vesiclesVGLUT

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glutamate is a key excitatory neurotransmitter in vertebrate central nervous systems.
  • Synaptic transmission involves presynaptic release and postsynaptic activation.
  • Presynaptic vesicular glutamate uptake concentrates glutamate within vesicles before release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism and regulation of vesicular glutamate uptake.
  • To identify the energy sources and substrate synthesis pathways for VGLUTs.
  • To discuss the physiological roles and pharmacology of VGLUT isoforms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) function.
  • Investigation of ATP supply via glycolytic enzymes.
  • Examination of glutamate synthesis by vesicle-bound enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Vesicular glutamate uptake is an active, glutamate-specific process.
  • Energy is derived from ATP hydrolysis and chloride gradients.
  • Vesicle-bound glycolytic enzymes and aspartate aminotransferase are key players.

Conclusions:

  • Vesicular glutamate uptake is crucial for synaptic transmission.
  • VGLUT isoforms have distinct physiological roles.
  • The pharmacology of VGLUTs presents a promising area for future research.