Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 11, 2026

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
Published on: October 26, 2021
A novel modelling approach to energy transport in a respiratory system
Perumal Nithiarasu1, Igor Sazonov1
1Biomedical Engineering and Rheology Group, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
Abstract:
In this paper, energy transport in a respiratory tract is modelled using the finite element method for the first time. The upper and lower respiratory tracts are approximated as a 1-dimensional domain with varying cross-sectional and surface areas, and the radial heat conduction in the tissue is approximated using the 1-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. The governing equations are solved using 1-dimensional linear finite elements with convective and evaporative boundary conditions on the wall. The results obtained for the exhalation temperature of the respiratory system have been compared with the available animal experiments. The study of a full breathing cycle indicates that evaporation is the main mode of heat transfer, and convection plays almost negligible role in the energy transport. This is in-line with the results obtained from animal experiments.
Related Concept Videos
Respiration
Energy production in the human body is primarily fueled by oxidation, a process where food molecules are burned by combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This vital metabolic process sustains life, and is supported intricately by the respiratory system.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a complex network of structures that includes the nose, oropharynx, larynx, trachea,...
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
Gas Exchange and Transport
Overview of Respiratory System
What is the Respiratory System?
The respiratory system consists of a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary function of the respiratory system is to...
Physiology of Respiration I: Functions of the Respiratory System
Fundamental Processes in Respiration:
Breathing

