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Related Concept Videos

Shock Waves01:16

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high...
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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Multiphase fluid-solid coupled analysis of shock-bubble-stone interaction in shockwave lithotripsy.

Kevin G Wang1

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The presence of gas bubbles near kidney stones significantly impacts shock wave lithotripsy. Smaller bubbles collapse and can enhance stone fracture, while larger bubbles shield the stone, hindering fragmentation.

Keywords:
FIVERcavitationembedded boundary methodfluid-solid interactionmultiphase flowshock-induced fractureshockwave lithotripsy

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Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Kidney stones pose a significant health burden, with shock wave lithotripsy (LSW) being a common treatment.
  • The presence of gas bubbles near kidney stones during LSW is not fully understood, potentially affecting treatment efficacy.
  • Investigating bubble dynamics and their interaction with LSW and kidney stones is crucial for optimizing lithotripsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of gas bubbles on the elastic and fracture behaviors of kidney stones subjected to LSW.
  • To elucidate the role of bubble size and its dynamic response to LSW in the lithotripsy process.
  • To understand how bubble collapse or non-collapse influences stone fragmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a novel multiphase fluid-solid-coupled computational framework.
  • Coupling of a finite volume 2-phase computational fluid dynamics solver with a finite element computational solid dynamics solver.
  • Utilized level set equation for bubble surface evolution and Riemann problems for interface conditions.

Main Results:

  • Bubble response to LSW is highly dependent on initial size; a threshold radius of approximately 0.12mm was identified for a typical LSW.
  • Bubbles smaller than the threshold radius collapse rapidly, potentially promoting stone fracture.
  • Larger, non-collapsing bubbles shield the stone from LSW, negatively impacting fracture, while collapsing bubbles may promote surface fracture but hinder interior fracture.

Conclusions:

  • Gas bubble dynamics play a critical role in LSW effectiveness for kidney stone treatment.
  • Optimizing LSW parameters to induce bubble collapse near stones could enhance fragmentation.
  • The computational framework provides a valuable tool for simulating and understanding LSW-bubble-stone interactions.