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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

10.0K
A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames

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Progress and pitfalls in finding the 'missing proteins' from the human proteome map.

Victor Segura1, Alba Garin-Muga1, Elizabeth Guruceaga1

  • 1a Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, CIMA , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The Human Proteome Project aims to map all human proteins, but

Keywords:
Human proteomeLC-MS/MSantibody-based detectionfunctional annotationmissing proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Human Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Human Proteome Project (HPP) aims to systematically map all human proteins.
  • A significant challenge remains: identifying 'missing proteins' with limited experimental evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review details the characteristics of missing proteins.
  • It analyzes the reasons for their detection difficulties.
  • It explores current and future strategies for finding these proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) standards.
  • Analysis of proteomic detection challenges.
  • Evaluation of ongoing and proposed search strategies.

Main Results:

  • Missing proteins are defined by HUPO standards.
  • Detection challenges stem from factors like low expression, localization, and antibody availability.
  • Various strategies are being employed, including advanced mass spectrometry and antibody-based methods.

Conclusions:

  • Significant multidisciplinary efforts are underway to complete the human proteome map.
  • Improved detection of missing proteins is anticipated due to advancements in methods and sample selection.