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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Septic encephalopathy and septic encephalitis‬‬.

Simone C Tauber¹, Helmut Eiffert², Wolfgang Brück³

¹a Department of Neurology , RWTH University Hospital , Aachen , Germany.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy

|November 26, 2016

Summary

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Septic encephalopathy (SE) is a common condition linked to higher mortality and long-term cognitive issues. Understanding its causes, like brain inflammation and hypoxia, is key to better diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Critical Care Medicine
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Septic encephalopathy (SE) is increasingly recognized as a significant complication of sepsis.
It is associated with elevated mortality rates and long-term cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and encephalitis.
To discuss diagnostic methods, therapeutic options, and future research directions for SE.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SE.
Analysis of mechanisms including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, hypoxia, and neurotransmitter imbalance.

Main Results:

Keywords:

Sepsis cognitive impairment microglial activation neuroinflammation septic encelopathy

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SE involves blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation due to endothelial and microglial activation.

Hypoxia, impaired microvascular regulation, septic shock, and neurotransmitter imbalance contribute to SE.

Histological findings support a continuum between septic-embolic/metastatic encephalitis and SE.

Conclusions:

SE is a complex neurological complication of sepsis with multifactorial causes.
Improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies are needed.
Future clinical trials investigating repurposed drugs like statins, erythropoietin, and minocycline show promise.