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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Posterior Malleolus Fractures.

Shay Tenenbaum1, Nachshon Shazar1, Nathan Bruck1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center Hospital at Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 1 Emek HaEla St, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Posterior malleolus fractures require computed tomography scans for accurate assessment. Treatment should prioritize restoring ankle joint integrity over solely relying on fragment size for surgical decisions.

Keywords:
Ankle fracturePosterior malleolar fracturesPosterolateral surgical approachSyndesmotic stability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Posterior malleolus fractures present diverse morphologies.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is essential for detailed evaluation.
  • Existing literature leaves many treatment questions unresolved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the comprehensive evaluation of posterior malleolus fractures using CT.
  • To advocate for a treatment approach focused on restoring ankle joint structural integrity.
  • To challenge the historical reliance on fragment size as the sole determinant for surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computed tomography (CT) findings in posterior malleolus fractures.
  • Analysis of factors influencing surgical treatment decisions.
  • Evaluation of key elements for successful ankle joint restoration.

Main Results:

  • CT scans are crucial for assessing fragment size, comminution, articular impaction, and syndesmotic disruption.
  • Fragment size alone is insufficient to guide surgical fixation.
  • Restoring articular congruity and syndesmotic stability are paramount.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive CT evaluation is imperative for posterior malleolus fractures.
  • Surgical treatment must prioritize anatomical restoration and joint congruity.
  • Modern approaches shift focus from fragment size to overall joint stability.