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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
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Itch in Atopic Dermatitis.

Makiko Kido-Nakahara1, Masutaka Furue1, Dugarmaa Ulzii1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chronic itch significantly impacts quality of life in inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. Understanding itch pathways offers potential for new treatments beyond current therapies.

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisHypersensitivity of pruritusNew therapyPruritogenPruritus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Neuroscience
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic itch, particularly in atopic dermatitis, severely affects patient quality of life.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding the complex signaling pathways of itch from the skin to the central nervous system.
  • Current therapies for atopic dermatitis offer limited satisfaction regarding their antipruritic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of itch signaling in inflammatory skin diseases.
  • To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying atopic itch.
  • To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for managing chronic itch.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on itch signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of mediators involved in skin and central nervous system itch processing.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of conventional atopic dermatitis treatments for itch relief.

Main Results:

  • Itch signaling involves intricate pathways in the skin, peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and brain.
  • Various mediators can amplify or suppress itch in atopic dermatitis.
  • Existing treatments often fail to provide adequate relief for chronic itch associated with atopic dermatitis.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of itch mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting specific itch pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for atopic itch.
  • Further research into the neuro-immune interactions in atopic dermatitis is warranted.