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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

103
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis.

Anna Schuch1, Knut Brockow1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Patients with mastocytosis face a higher risk of anaphylaxis due to mast cell issues. Management includes recognizing triggers like insect stings and preparing for emergencies, especially before anesthesia.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisDrug-induced anaphylaxisHymenoptera venom anaphylaxisMast cell activation syndromeMastocytosisRisk factorsTriggers

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Mastocytosis is a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of mast cells.
  • Mast cell mediators can trigger severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of anaphylaxis in mastocytosis patients.
  • To discuss epidemiology, risk factors, triggers, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on anaphylaxis in mastocytosis.
  • Analysis of pediatric and adult patient data regarding risk factors and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis risk is elevated in mastocytosis, particularly in children with extensive skin involvement and high tryptase levels.
  • Adults with mastocytosis experience severe anaphylaxis, often with cardiovascular symptoms.
  • Common triggers include Hymenoptera stings, idiopathic factors, food, and drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Mastocytosis patients require comprehensive education on anaphylaxis risks and emergency preparedness.
  • Self-medication with epinephrine and pre-anesthesia planning are crucial for managing anaphylaxis risk.