Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Route of Allergen Immunotherapy: A Global Look Into Physicians' Motivations.

Allergy·2026

Same author

The monoclonals: What have we learned and where are we going?

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026

Same author

Pragmatic Strategies for Reducing Variability and Risk in Food Oral Immunotherapy.

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology·2026

Same author

Pirfenidone and its Derivative: Novel Bronchodilators and Leukocyte Airway Inflammation Inhibitors.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026

Same author

No evidence of a differential treatment effect with omalizumab versus placebo across baseline IgE level and BMI subgroups in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026

Same author

Dupilumab in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Phase 3 LIBERTY-CSU CUPID Randomized Clinical Trials.

JAMA dermatology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Biologics in Chronic Urticaria.

Adeeb Bulkhi¹, Andrew J Cooke², Thomas B Casale²

¹Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

|November 26, 2016

Summary

Chronic urticaria (CU) treatment often fails with antihistamines, necessitating advanced therapies. This review highlights the efficacy of biologic agents, particularly omalizumab, for antihistamine-refractory CU.

Keywords:

Biologics Chronic urticaria Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy Omalizumab Rituximab TNF antagonist Therapy

More Related Videos

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Pharmacology

Background:

Chronic urticaria (CU) involves hives and swelling lasting over six weeks.
Second-generation antihistamines are the primary treatment for CU.
Many patients do not respond adequately to antihistamines, requiring alternative treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the efficacy of biologic agents in treating chronic urticaria that is refractory to antihistamines.

Main Methods:

Literature review of clinical trials and studies on biologics for antihistamine-refractory CU.
Analysis of data on omalizumab, rituximab, and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Focus on biologics targeting the IgE pathway.

Main Results:

Omalizumab demonstrates the highest efficacy among evaluated biologics for antihistamine-refractory CU.
Several new biologics targeting the IgE pathway are under investigation.
Biologic therapies offer a promising alternative for patients unresponsive to conventional treatments.

Conclusions:

Biologics are effective in managing antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria.
Omalizumab is a leading biologic option, with new IgE-targeted agents in development.
Further research into biologic therapies is crucial for improving CU patient outcomes.