Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

27.9K
Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
27.9K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

19.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
19.3K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

9.8K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.8K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.9K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic screening of children for familial hypercholesterolaemia: the VRONI study.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

A Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Communication Difficulties in Friedreich Ataxia: COMATAX.

Cerebellum (London, England)·2026
Same author

<i>Trans</i>-eQTLs reveal the architecture of human gene regulatory networks.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

RNA Sequencing Resolves Cryptic Pathogenic Variants in Mitochondrial Disease.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Bi-allelic WDHD1 variants cause microcephalic primordial dwarfism.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Bi-allelic variants in NDUFA5 cause a mitochondriopathy with complex I deficiency.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same journal

RankVar: machine learning-based variant ranking and reinterpretation for rare genetic diseases.

Genome medicine·2026
Same journal

Multi-omics profiles of sex hormone-binding globulin are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men with HIV.

Genome medicine·2026
Same journal

Multi-modal data integration reveals functionally credible predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer.

Genome medicine·2026
Same journal

Human cancer genomes harbor the mutational signature of tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK.

Genome medicine·2026
Same journal

Identification and functional characterization of regulatory variants in DPP9 associated with COVID-19 severity.

Genome medicine·2026
Same journal

De novo variants in NPTN cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with autism and neuroplastin-PMCA hypofunction.

Genome medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.5K

Mitochondrial replacement approaches: challenges for clinical implementation.

Thomas Klopstock1,2,3, Barbara Klopstock4, Holger Prokisch5,6

  • 1Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany. Thomas.Klopstock@med.LMU.de.

Genome Medicine
|November 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial replacement techniques show promise for safety and efficacy. However, challenges in clinical use and regulation require international agreement for these advanced reproductive technologies.

More Related Videos

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells
11:13

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: February 22, 2017

13.9K
Preparation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Potential Cytoplasm Replacement Therapy
09:34

Preparation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Potential Cytoplasm Replacement Therapy

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.5K
MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells
11:13

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: February 22, 2017

13.9K
Preparation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Potential Cytoplasm Replacement Therapy
09:34

Preparation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Potential Cytoplasm Replacement Therapy

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Genetics
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) offer potential solutions for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
  • These techniques involve transferring nuclear DNA from an intended parent's egg to a donor egg with healthy mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific, regulatory, and ethical considerations surrounding mitochondrial replacement techniques.
  • To assess the current status of safety and efficacy data for MRTs.
  • To highlight the need for international consensus on the regulation of MRTs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on mitochondrial replacement techniques.
  • Analysis of scientific, regulatory, and ethical challenges.
  • Synthesis of data regarding safety and efficacy profiles.

Main Results:

  • Previous studies indicate favorable safety and efficacy profiles for MRTs.
  • Significant scientific, regulatory, and ethical questions persist.
  • Challenges remain in the clinical implementation of these techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial replacement techniques present a complex landscape of scientific and ethical considerations.
  • Further research and robust regulatory frameworks are essential for clinical translation.
  • International consensus is crucial for the responsible governance of MRTs.