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A Practical Approach to Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Edward D McCoul1, Abtin Tabaee2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Hwy, CT-4, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
Abstract:
Patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, by definition, have persistent, poorly controlled symptoms and objective inflammatory findings despite prior medical and surgical therapy. These patients represent a diagnostic and treatment challenge given the complexity of the underlying disease factors and the limitations in available management options. This article presents a practical framework for clinical evaluation and treatment. Germane to discussion are emerging concepts in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis that will likely have important implications in the near future.
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