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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Pulmonary function and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: Can cardiac function explain the link?

Melissa S Burroughs Peña1, Allison Dunning2, Phillip J Schulte3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.

Respiratory Medicine
|November 28, 2016
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Summary

Reduced pulmonary function, measured by FVC and FEV1, is linked to worse cardiac outcomes and higher mortality. This association persists even with normal left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting pulmonary function is a key predictor of cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The interplay between lung function, heart health, and cardiovascular events is not fully understood.
  • Pulmonary function's impact on cardiac structure, function, and clinical outcomes requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1) and left heart structure/function.
  • To examine the relationship between pulmonary function and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1807 patients from a tertiary care center.
  • Multivariable regression models assessed FVC/FEV1 relationships with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), dimensions, and left atrial diameter.
  • Cox proportional hazards models evaluated FVC/FEV1 links to mortality and cardiac hospitalization.

Main Results:

  • Decreased FVC and FEV1 correlated with reduced LVEF.
  • Low FVC (<2.75 L) predicted increased all-cause mortality (HR 0.49) and cardiac hospitalization (HR 0.80) after adjustments.
  • These associations were observed even in patients with normal LVEF.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced pulmonary function is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in a tertiary care setting.
  • This relationship is not solely explained by left heart remodeling or right heart dysfunction.
  • Pulmonary function is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes.