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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Performing Vaginal Lavage, Crystal Violet Staining, and Vaginal Cytological Evaluation for Mouse Estrous Cycle Staging Identification
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Increasing estrus expression in the lactating dairy cow.

J A Sauls1, B E Voelz1, S L Hill1

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201.

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|November 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Activity monitoring systems (AMS) and hormonal treatments were evaluated for estrus detection in cows. Estradiol cypionate (ECP) effectively increased estrus occurrence and intensity, improving detection rates.

Keywords:
estradiolestrusprogesterone

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive physiology in cattle
  • Animal reproduction and behavior

Background:

  • Accurate estrus detection is crucial for artificial insemination success in cattle.
  • Hormonal interventions and activity monitoring systems (AMS) are tools to improve estrus detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if enhanced progesterone or post-luteolysis hormonal treatments (estradiol cypionate [ECP] or testosterone propionate [TP]) increase estrus occurrence and intensity.
  • To compare the efficacy of AMS in detecting estrus compared to other aids (HeatWatch [HW] and Estrotect patches).

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: 154 cows fitted with AMS collars and HW devices received treatments to vary progesterone concentrations before prostaglandin F2α administration.
  • Experiment 2: 203 cows fitted with AMS and Estrotect patches received ECP, TP, or control 24 hours after PGF2α.
  • Estrus occurrence, intensity, and detection rates by AMS and other aids were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Higher progesterone concentrations increased estrus intensity, and earlier progesterone withdrawal advanced estrus onset.
  • ECP treatment increased estradiol concentrations, estrus expression, and intensity compared to controls.
  • AMS and patches detected 70-76% of cows in estrus, with ECP improving detection rates above 80%.

Conclusions:

  • Estradiol cypionate (ECP) effectively enhances estrus expression and intensity in cows.
  • AMS and patches show good estrus detection rates, but a significant proportion of cows ovulate without detected estrus.
  • Further research is needed to optimize insemination strategies for cows not detected in estrus.