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Fetal megacystis: A systematic review.

K Taghavi1, C Sharpe2, M D Stringer1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wellington Children's Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|November 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fetal megacystis, an enlarged fetal bladder, has varying definitions and associations. This review clarifies diagnostic criteria and common causes like posterior urethral valves, aiding prenatal counseling.

Keywords:
Fetal megacystisPrenatal diagnosisUrinary bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Fetal megacystis, or enlarged fetal bladder, lacks a universally agreed-upon definition.
  • Understanding its prenatal diagnosis, associations, and outcomes is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on fetal megacystis.
  • To focus on prenatal diagnosis, associated conditions, and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of primary and secondary references.
  • Analysis of ultrasound criteria, associated pathologies, karyotype anomalies, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence estimated between 1:330 and 1:1670 in the first trimester, with a male predominance (8:1).
  • Common definitions involve longitudinal bladder dimension ≥7 mm (first trimester) or > gestational age + 12 mm (later pregnancy).
  • Posterior urethral valves are the most frequent cause (57%), followed by karyotype anomalies (15%).

Conclusions:

  • Consensus exists on ultrasound criteria for defining fetal megacystis.
  • Accurate diagnostics and refined risk stratification are needed for improved prenatal counseling and understanding of fetal bladder enlargement.