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Related Experiment Video

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Diet-Microbiota Interactions Mediate Global Epigenetic Programming in Multiple Host Tissues.

Kimberly A Krautkramer1, Julia H Kreznar2, Kymberleigh A Romano2

  • 1Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

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|November 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbes and diet influence host gene regulation via histone modifications. Supplementing short-chain fatty acids can mimic these effects, impacting host health.

Keywords:
SCFAepigeneticgut microbiotahistone PTMhistone acetylationhistone methylationhistone proteomicsmicrobiomeshort-chain fatty acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Histone-modifying enzymes regulate gene transcription.
  • These enzymes are influenced by small-molecule metabolites, enabling chromatin to adapt to environmental shifts.
  • The gut microbiota produces metabolites affecting host physiology and disease risk, but molecular mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gut microbial colonization and diet impact host chromatin modifications.
  • To elucidate the role of microbial metabolites in mediating these chromatin changes.
  • To understand the implications for host health.

Main Methods:

  • Studied histone acetylation and methylation in host tissues of mice under different dietary conditions (Western-type vs. polysaccharide-rich).
  • Compared chromatin states in conventionally colonized mice versus germ-free mice.
  • Administered short-chain fatty acids to germ-free mice to assess their effect on chromatin and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Microbial colonization and diet significantly alter global histone acetylation and methylation in host tissues.
  • A Western-type diet inhibits diet-dependent chromatin changes induced by microbial colonization.
  • Short-chain fatty acid supplementation in germ-free mice successfully replicated chromatin modifications and transcriptional responses seen in colonized mice.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota and diet interact to regulate host gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Diet composition critically modulates the impact of gut microbes on host chromatin.
  • Microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids, are key mediators of diet-microbiota-host interactions affecting health.