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Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

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Published on: February 10, 2014

Strain shielding in trabecular bone at the tibial cement-bone interface.

Priyanka Srinivasan¹, Mark A Miller², Nico Verdonschot³

¹Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

|November 28, 2016

Summary

Aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often due to poor cement-bone fixation. Deeper bone-cement interdigitation reduces micromotion and strain shielding, potentially improving implant longevity.

Keywords:

Aseptic loosening Bone-cement interface Finite element analysis Micromotion Strain shielding

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Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin

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Published on: March 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Orthopedic Surgery
Materials Science

Background:

Aseptic loosening of the tibial component is the primary reason for revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Loosening at the cement-trabecular interface in cemented TKA is often attributed to stress shielding caused by the implant's stiffness relative to bone.
Understanding the micromechanics of cement-bone interlock is crucial for developing strategies to enhance fixation and implant survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the micromechanics of the interlock between cement and trabecular bone in cemented TKA.
To analyze the relationship between interdigitation geometry, micromotion, and bone strain at the cement-trabecular interface.
To compare the mechanical environment in immediate post-operative and pre-operative simulated situations.

Main Methods:

Utilized finite element models based on micro-CT images of lab-prepared tibial cement-trabeculae interface specimens (n=4).
Simulated micromotion between cement and trabeculae and analyzed bone strain in interdigitated regions and distal to the interface.
Compared models representing immediate post-operative (with cement) and pre-operative (cement removed) conditions.

Main Results:

Increased interdigitation depth led to decreased micromotion and bone strain.
Micromotion and bone strain at the distal interdigitated region were dependent on bone volume fraction.
Trabeculae deeply embedded in cement exhibited the highest strain shielding (35-61% reduction in compressive strains).

Conclusions:

Deeper bone-cement interdigitation enhances fixation by reducing micromotion and strain shielding.
Strain shielding of interdigitated bone is a significant factor, potentially leading to bone resorption.
Strain-adaptive remodeling may be a key mechanism contributing to the loss of interdigitated bone and subsequent aseptic loosening.