Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

1.8K
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
1.8K
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

41.0K
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
41.0K
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

1.7K
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
1.7K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

7.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
7.1K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

43.1K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
43.1K
Overview of Protists01:27

Overview of Protists

2.6K
Protists are diverse eukaryotic microorganisms that lack the specialized tissues of plants and animals and the chitinous cell walls of fungi. Their early divergence within Eukarya resulted in structural, functional, and ecological diversity. They are classified into supergroups such as Archaeplastida, Excavata, Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles, determined through genetic analysis and structural similarities.Structural and Functional AdaptationsProtists have various adaptations...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi.

Protoplasma·2021
Same author

Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria).

Protoplasma·2020
Same author

Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria.

Protoplasma·2018
Same author

Vendozoa and selective forces on animal origin and early diversification: reply to Dufour and McIlroy (2017).

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2017
Same author

Euglenoid pellicle morphogenesis and evolution in light of comparative ultrastructure and trypanosomatid biology: Semi-conservative microtubule/strip duplication, strip shaping and transformation.

European journal of protistology·2017
Same author

Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences.

Protoplasma·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Preparation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms Using Chemical Drying for Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM
09:58

Preparation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms Using Chemical Drying for Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM

Published on: January 7, 2019

20.2K

Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa.

Thomas Cavalier-Smith1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.

European Journal of Protistology
|November 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study revises euglenozoan taxonomy, establishing three new subphyla: Euglenoida, Postgaardia, and Glycomonada. It introduces new infraphyla, superclasses, classes, and orders, refining the classification of these diverse protists.

Keywords:
DiplonemeaEuglenoidaGlycomonadaKinetoplasteaPostgaardiaSpirocuta

More Related Videos

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
14:38

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

11.9K
Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
07:03

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer

Published on: November 12, 2021

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Preparation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms Using Chemical Drying for Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM
09:58

Preparation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms Using Chemical Drying for Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM

Published on: January 7, 2019

20.2K
Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
14:38

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

11.9K
Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
07:03

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer

Published on: November 12, 2021

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Protistology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Euglenozoan taxonomy requires updates due to new discoveries and phylogenetic data.
  • Existing classifications do not fully reflect the diversity in body plans and ultrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise and improve the higher-level taxonomy of Euglenozoa.
  • To establish a new classification system reflecting distinct body plans and evolutionary relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ultrastructure and sequence phylogeny, including site-heterogeneous 18S rDNA trees.
  • Comparative analysis of feeding apparatuses, pellicular strips, and microtubule patterns.

Main Results:

  • Euglenozoa is divided into three subphyla: Euglenoida, Postgaardia, and Glycomonada.
  • New infraphyla, superclasses, classes, and orders are established within Euglenoida.
  • Numerous new families are proposed across Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, and Euglenoida.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed taxonomy provides a more robust framework for euglenozoan classification.
  • This revision integrates morphological and molecular data to reflect evolutionary history.
  • The new classification accommodates newly discovered taxa and their unique characteristics.