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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection
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Retained Capsule Endoscope.

Jayalaxmi S Aihole1, G S Vishnumurthy, M Narendra Babu

  • 1Departments of Pediatric Surgery and *Paediatric Gastroenterology, IGICH Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Correspondence to: Dr Jayalaxmi S Aihole, Department of Pediatric surgery, IGICH, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. jayalaxmisaihole@yahoo.com.

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Summary

Capsule endoscopy is a valuable tool for visualizing the small intestine. However, its use in children requires careful consideration due to potential risks like impaction, as seen in this protein-losing enteropathy case.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Minimally Invasive Diagnostics

Background:

  • Capsule endoscopy offers non-invasive visualization of the small intestine, primarily established for adult diagnostics.
  • Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a condition characterized by excessive protein loss into the gastrointestinal tract.

Observation:

  • A pediatric patient with generalized edema and suspected PLE underwent capsule endoscopy.
  • Standard investigations, including upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and CT scans, yielded normal results.
  • The capsule was retained for over three weeks.

Findings:

  • Laparoscopy identified the retained capsule impacted within a dilated intestinal loop.
  • An ileal stricture was found to be the cause of the capsule impaction.
  • This highlights a significant risk associated with capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients.

Implications:

  • Capsule endoscopy in children necessitates careful patient selection and risk assessment.
  • The potential for impaction due to underlying gastrointestinal abnormalities must be considered.
  • Judicious use is recommended to ensure patient safety and diagnostic efficacy.