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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
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Vascular cell transcriptomic changes to exercise training differ directionally along and between skeletal muscle

M Harold Laughlin1, Hsiao T Yang1, Darla L Tharp1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
|November 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Exercise-induced vascular adaptations in skeletal muscle are complex. Gene expression changes in arterioles vary by muscle type and exercise, with Ankrd23 showing promise in vascular remodeling.

Keywords:
angiogenesisblood flowcollateralizationendotheliumvascular remodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Skeletal Muscle Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle arteriolar adaptations to exercise are heterogeneous.
  • This heterogeneity is influenced by muscle fiber type and recruitment patterns.
  • Understanding the signaling mechanisms behind these adaptations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that shear stress alterations signal vascular gene expression changes during exercise.
  • To investigate the role of muscle fiber type and recruitment patterns in these signaling pathways.
  • To examine the expression and function of Ankrd23 in vascular remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptional profiling of arterioles and arteries from rats exposed to different exercise protocols (END, SIT).
  • Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify significantly altered gene expression pathways.
  • Follow-up studies on Ankrd23 gene expression and function in knockout mice.

Main Results:

  • Exercise did not induce similar directional changes in gene expression across different skeletal muscles or arteriolar branches.
  • END primarily affected gene expression in specific arterioles (soleus, white gastrocnemius), with minimal changes in feeding arteries.
  • Ankrd23 mRNA levels increased with arteriolar branching and were significantly upregulated by SIT and increased intraluminal pressure; Ankrd23 knockout mice showed impaired collateral artery formation.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular gene expression responses to exercise are not uniform across the arteriolar tree or between different skeletal muscles.
  • Ankrd23 plays a role in vascular remodeling and collateral artery formation, suggesting a potential mechanosensitive role.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate Ankrd23's precise function in exercise-induced vascular adaptations.