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Ecology under lake ice.

Stephanie E Hampton1, Aaron W E Galloway2, Stephen M Powers1

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This summary is machine-generated.

Winter lake ecosystems harbor surprisingly abundant plankton, with higher dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) under ice, especially in smaller lakes. These winter conditions can influence subsequent summer lake ecology.

Keywords:
Aquatic ecosystemdata synthesisfreshwaterlakelimnologylong-termplanktonseasonaltime serieswinter ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Limnology
  • Ecosystem Science

Background:

  • Temperate ecosystems face changing winter conditions, impacting snow and ice-covered systems.
  • Winter ecology is understudied due to a historical research focus on summer 'growing seasons'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first global quantitative synthesis of under-ice lake ecology.
  • To examine seasonal differences and connections in lake ecosystems.
  • To investigate how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors.

Main Methods:

  • Global quantitative synthesis of under-ice lake ecology.
  • Inclusion of 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 101 lakes.
  • Analysis of data from 42 research groups.

Main Results:

  • Plankton abundance under ice was higher than anticipated (43.2% chlorophyll a, 15.8% phytoplankton biovolume, 25.3% zooplankton density of summer values).
  • Dissolved nitrogen was typically higher in winter, with differences amplified in smaller lakes.
  • Winter dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was higher in smaller lakes, influencing winter-summer patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Under-ice conditions significantly impact lake ecosystems, with notable plankton abundance and altered nutrient concentrations.
  • Lake size is a key factor modulating winter-summer differences in nutrients like dissolved nitrogen and DOC.
  • Winter conditions can have lasting effects on subsequent summer lake ecosystems, influencing nutrient dynamics and zooplankton biomass.