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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

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DNA damage talks to inflammation.

Idan Cohen1

  • 1Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya Hospital, 22100, Israel.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|November 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is now known to enter the nucleus and detect DNA damage, acting as a danger signal. This finding redefines IL-1 biology and suggests targeting IL-1α for diseases involving DNA damage and inflammation.

Keywords:
AlarminChromatinDNA damageDanger modelInterlukin-1Sterile inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and beta (IL-1β) are key cytokines in immune and inflammatory responses.
  • Classical understanding views cytokine release as passive, associated with cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel role of IL-1α in sensing and signaling genotoxic stress.
  • To explore the implications of IL-1α's nuclear localization in DNA damage response.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods, but implies studies on IL-1α localization and function in response to DNA damage.
  • Research likely involves molecular biology techniques to track IL-1α and assess its signaling capacity.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear IL-1α actively detects sites of DNA damage.
  • IL-1α functions as a reporter of genotoxic stress to surrounding tissues.
  • This challenges the notion that danger signaling is solely from passive release by dying cells.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1α's role extends beyond traditional cytokine functions to include active sensing of cellular stress.
  • Physiological stresses linked to IL-1α secretion offer new therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting chronic danger signaling and alarmin inhibition presents a novel approach for inflammatory diseases with DNA damage.