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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

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Visual light effects on mitochondria: The potential implications in relation to glaucoma.

Neville N Osborne1, Claudia Núñez-Álvarez1, Susana Del Olmo-Aguado1

  • 1Instituto Universitario Fernández Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.

Mitochondrion
|November 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Blue light exposure may harm retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by disrupting mitochondrial ATP production, a key factor in glaucoma. Conversely, red light therapy shows promise for protecting RGCs and potentially treating glaucoma non-invasively.

Keywords:
Corneal endothelial cellsGlaucomaMitochondriaRetinal ganglion cellsVisual light

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial photobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Mitochondria generate ATP, essential for neuronal function.
  • Light wavelengths interact with mitochondrial complexes, influencing ATP production.
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are vital for vision and depend on mitochondrial ATP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of blue and red light on RGC mitochondria.
  • Explore the potential of light therapy for glaucoma treatment.
  • Assess the non-invasive therapeutic possibilities of light wavelengths for RGC protection.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory studies on mitochondrial protein complexes.
  • Analysis of ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell death.
  • In situ experiments on rat RGC mitochondria under ischemic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Blue light (400-480nm) decreases ATP formation, stimulates ROS, and can cause cell death in RGCs.
  • Red light (650-800nm) enhances ATP and ROS production, generating beneficial factors.
  • Increased red light exposure proved beneficial for ischemic rat RGC mitochondria.

Conclusions:

  • Blue light may negatively impact RGCs, suggesting blue light filtering could benefit glaucoma treatment.
  • Red light therapy offers a potential non-invasive strategy to slow RGC loss in glaucoma.
  • Developing lenses to convert UV to red light presents an innovative therapeutic avenue.