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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
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Are healthy smokers really healthy?

Zijing Zhou1, Ping Chen1, Hong Peng1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China.

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|November 29, 2016
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Even seemingly healthy smokers experience significant smoking-induced respiratory abnormalities. This review details inflammation, genetic changes, and lung dysfunction in these individuals.

Keywords:
Genetic alterationsHealthy smokersImmune changesInflammationRespiratory system

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cigarette smoke contains over 4500 harmful chemicals, posing toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic risks.
  • Smokers face elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases, COPD, and lung cancer.
  • Individuals classified as 'healthy smokers' often exhibit unacknowledged smoking-related health issues.

Approach:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current research on smoking-induced pathophysiological changes.
  • Focuses on abnormalities within the respiratory system of individuals considered 'healthy smokers'.
  • Examines inflammation, immune responses, genetic alterations, structural changes, and pulmonary dysfunction.

Key Points:

  • 'Healthy smokers' are not truly healthy and exhibit subclinical respiratory abnormalities.
  • Smoking triggers inflammation and immune system dysregulation in the lungs.
  • Genetic alterations and structural lung damage occur even in asymptomatic smokers.
  • Subtle pulmonary dysfunction is present in 'healthy smokers' despite normal spirometry and imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The classification of 'healthy smokers' is misleading, masking underlying respiratory pathology.
  • Early pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system necessitate greater research focus.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for targeted interventions and improved public health strategies.