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Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins in Essential Hypertensive Patients
Parsuram Nayak1, Suchismita Panda2, Pravat Kumar Thatoi3
1Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, SCB Medical College , Cuttack, Odisha, India .
Insights
Essential hypertension in India is linked to abnormal lipid metabolism. The Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio, alongside traditional lipids, helps assess cardiovascular disease risk in hypertensive patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Essential hypertension is a prevalent condition in India, significantly contributing to disease burden and mortality.
- Hypertension is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia, involving both traditional lipid parameters and novel components like Apo A1 and Apo B100.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate serum lipid profiles, including Apo A1 and Apo B100 levels, in essential hypertensive patients.
- To correlate these lipid parameters with the severity of hypertension.
Main Methods:
- Fasting blood samples were collected from 55 essential hypertensive patients and 55 matched controls.
- Tests included plasma glucose, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, Apo A1, and Apo B100.
- Hypertensive cases were subclassified based on JNC criteria.
Main Results:
- Hypertensive patients showed significantly higher serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL, and VLDL, with lower HDL compared to controls.
- Apo B100 levels were elevated, and the Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio was significantly increased in hypertensive patients.
- The Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio demonstrated a stronger positive association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the LDL/HDL ratio.
Conclusions:
- The Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio is a valuable complementary marker for assessing cardiovascular disease risk in essential hypertension.
- This novel lipid parameter aids in risk stratification beyond traditional lipid ratios.
Introduction:
Essential hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the Indian population contributing greatly to the morbidity, mortality and economic burden. It has a strong association with cardiovascular disease and abnormal lipid metabolism. Not only the traditional lipid parameters, but also the novel lipid components like Apo A1 and Apo B100 also have been identified to play a role.
Aim:
The present study was done to evaluate serum lipid profile and Apo A1, Apo B 100 in essential hypertensive patients and correlate their values with the degree of hypertension.
Materials And Methods:
Fasting samples from 55 age and sex matched controls and 55 essential hypertensives were tested for plasma glucose, serum urea, creatinine, lipid profile, apo A1 and apo B100. The cases were subclassified based on the severity of hypertension according to JNC criteria.
Results:
The study showed a significantly raised value for serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in the hypertensive patients than the control group whereas serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) registered a fall in the cases. Apo A1 revealed a non-significant fall in the hypertensive patients. In contrast, there was a rise in the serum apo B100 in the cases. Apo B100/apo A1 ratio was significantly raised in both stage I and stage II hypertensive patients in comparision to the controls. When correlated, serum apo A1 revealed a negative association where as serum apo B 100 showed a positive association with systolic and diastolic bloood pressure. Both LDL/HDL and apoB100/apo A1 and apo B100 revealed a significant positive association with both SBP and DBP. However, apoB100/apo A1 revealed a more positive association in comparision to LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.749, p<0.001, r=0.756, p<0.001 vs r=0.336, p<0.000, r=0.312, p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Apo B100/apoA1 has emerged as an important complementary parameter in addition to traditional lipid ratio for evaluation of risk for future cardiovascular disease.
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