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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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Autism and emotional face-viewing.

Jakob Åsberg Johnels1,2, Daniel Hovey3, Nicole Zürcher4

  • 1Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|November 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical face-scanning, particularly in how they process emotional expressions. This study reveals differences in children and adolescents with ASD compared to typically developing peers, impacting social interaction understanding.

Keywords:
autismautism quotientendophenotypeeye-trackingfacemouthsocial

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Atypical face-scanning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may impair social interactions.
  • Limited research exists on how emotional expressions influence face-viewing in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate face-viewing patterns in individuals with and without ASD during dynamic emotional facial expression perception.
  • To examine diagnostic- and age-related effects on face-viewing in children, adolescents, and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eye-tracking technology to monitor gaze behavior.
  • Compared viewing patterns in large groups of individuals with ASD (n=57) and typically developing (TD) peers (n=58).
  • Subgrouped participants into children/adolescents (≤18 years) and adults (>18 years).

Main Results:

  • Children/adolescents with ASD fixated less on the mouth of happy/angry faces and more on the eyes of happy faces compared to TD peers.
  • Children/adolescents with ASD showed less relative mouth fixation for happy faces than other expressions.
  • Adults with ASD showed reduced eye attention only for neutral faces.

Conclusions:

  • Facial emotional content influences gaze behavior, an effect not fully developed in children/adolescents with ASD.
  • Younger TD individuals with higher autistic traits (AQ scores) exhibited similar gaze pattern differences as the younger ASD group.