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Related Concept Videos

Development of Analytical Methods01:21

Development of Analytical Methods

An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the...
Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
Key parameters for method validation include:
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
Contaminants and Errors01:16

Contaminants and Errors

Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Using reference materials to improve the quality of data generated by USEPA analytical methods.

S J Nagourney1, S A Wilson2, S E Long3

  • 1New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Quality Assurance (retired), Trenton, NJ, USA.

Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts
|November 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Certified reference materials enhance environmental data quality for regulatory decisions. Their wider implementation is crucial for accurate contaminant assessments, despite challenges like cost and availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • High-quality environmental data is essential for regulatory agencies to protect public health.
  • Current quality control protocols often lack certified reference materials (CRMs).
  • CRMs offer unique data for assessing the reliability of environmental measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the challenges and benefits of implementing CRMs in environmental analysis.
  • To highlight the critical role of CRMs in validating analytical measurements.
  • To use Cr(VI) in soil extracts as a case study for CRM application.

Main Methods:

  • Discussed issues surrounding CRM use in environmental applications.
  • Examined Cr(VI) analysis in soil extracts as a test case.
  • Considered factors like cost, availability, and applicability of CRMs.

Main Results:

  • CRMs can significantly enhance data quality and validation for regulatory compliance.
  • Data from CRMs provide crucial insights for data use assessments.
  • Implementation challenges include cost, availability, and element coverage.

Conclusions:

  • Wider adoption of CRMs is recommended to improve the reliability of environmental data.
  • Addressing implementation barriers is key to leveraging CRM benefits.
  • CRMs are vital tools for ensuring public health protection through accurate environmental monitoring.