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Updated: Mar 11, 2026
Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
No Association between TNF-α -308G/A Polymorphism and Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage: A Systematic Review with
Jiashu Dong1, Jinwan Li1, Gechen Zhou1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
Background:
Conflicting results were reported on the association between the TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM). Though three meta-analyses have been conducted on this topic, the conclusions were contradictory, and the results may be unreliable as certain crucial conditions were neglected.
Method:
A complete search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, other sources like Google Scholar, ClinicalTrial.gov and reference lists of relevant articles were also retrieved. All candidate articles were accessed and screened using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed on data extracted from eligible studies using the STATA 12.0 software and the TSA 0.9 beta software.
Results:
Eventually, 12 case-control studies from 11 publications (with 1,807 cases and 2,012 controls) were included in this meta-analysis, and no evidence of any significant association was found in the overall analyses between the TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism and IRM risk. However, significant association was shown in Asian population (four studies from three publications) in the dominant model (AA + GA vs. GG), the allelic model (A vs. G), and the heterozygote model (GA vs. GG).
Conclusions:
TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism is not associated with IRM risk. Though significant association was found in Asian population, the result needs further confirmation from more studies.
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