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Differences in the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and cancer: a meta-analysis
Francesca Bella1, Justyna Godos1, Antonella Ippolito1
1a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
|November 30, 2016
Summary
Adopting plant-based diets is linked to lower cancer risk compared to meat-heavy diets. This meta-analysis confirms plant-based eating is a healthier choice for cancer prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Plant-based dietary patterns are increasingly recognized for their potential health benefits.
- Associations between diet and cancer risk are a significant area of public health research.
- Empirically derived dietary patterns offer a nuanced approach to studying diet-cancer relationships.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis comparing empirically derived dietary patterns and their association with cancer risk.
- To synthesize evidence from observational studies evaluating a posteriori dietary patterns.
- To quantify the cancer risk associated with different dietary patterns, specifically plant-based versus meat-based.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases.
- Inclusion of observational studies evaluating a posteriori derived dietary patterns and cancer risk.
- Application of random-effects models to calculate relative risks (RRs) and explore heterogeneity and publication bias.
Main Results:
- A high-meat dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of cancer compared to plant-based patterns (RR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.63).
- Plant-based dietary patterns showed a lower risk of cancer compared to mixed dietary patterns (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.95).
- Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk.
Conclusions:
- Plant-based dietary patterns represent a healthier choice compared to meat-based dietary patterns regarding cancer risk.
- Evidence supports the promotion of plant-centric diets for cancer prevention strategies.
- Further research can explore specific components of plant-based diets and their impact on cancer outcomes.
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