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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

948
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
948
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

1.3K
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

792
Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
792
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

812
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

57.0K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
57.0K
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

912
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
912

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Unilateral Lung Volume Analysis Using Micro-CT for Enhanced Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Preclinical Models
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Do simple beside lung function tests predict morbidity after rib fractures?

Christopher A Butts1, John J Brady1, Sara Wilhelm2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, United States.

American Journal of Surgery
|November 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incentive spirometry volume (ISV) can predict acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with rib fractures. Low admission ISV is linked to ARF, while peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is not a reliable predictor.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory failureIncentive spirometryPeak expiratory flow rateRib fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a significant complication in patients with rib fractures.
  • Predictive markers for ARF in this population are crucial for timely intervention.
  • Incentive spirometry volume (ISV) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) are commonly used lung function tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predictive value of ISV and PEFR for ARF in patients with rib fractures.
  • To identify early indicators of respiratory compromise following rib fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of normotensive, co-operative patients with rib fractures.
  • Measurement of ISV and PEFR on admission, at 24 hours, and 48 hours.
  • Definition of ARF as the need for invasive or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

Main Results:

  • ARF occurred in 9% of the 99 enrolled patients (median age 77 years).
  • A low median ISV at admission (500 ml vs 1250 ml, p=0.04) was significantly associated with ARF.
  • Patients with ISV <1000 ml had a higher incidence of ARF (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • PEFR did not demonstrate predictive value for ARF in this cohort.
  • Admission ISV appears to be a valuable predictor of ARF in patients with rib fractures.