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New adenoviruses from new primate hosts - growing diversity reveals taxonomic weak points

Eva Dadáková1, Tomáš Chrudimský2, Kristýna Brožová1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|November 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Researchers discovered diverse adenoviruses (AdVs) in non-human primates, including two new provisional species. This finding highlights the extensive viral diversity in primates and informs AdV classification for vaccine and therapy development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Primate Microbiology

Background:

  • Adenoviruses (AdVs) are increasingly important in medical applications like vaccine development, gene therapy, and cancer therapy.
  • Knowledge regarding AdVs in non-human primates, close relatives of humans, remains limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of AdV evolution and diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity and prevalence of adenoviruses in various non-human primate species.
  • To identify and phylogenetically characterize novel AdV strains from primates.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 153 stool samples from 17 non-human primate species for adenoviral DNA.
  • Sequencing of DNA polymerase (DPOL) and hexon gene fragments from positive samples.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships and propose new AdV species.

Main Results:

  • Adenoviral DNA sequences were detected in 54 samples (35%) across 12 out of 17 primate species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of hexon gene fragments led to the proposal of two new provisional AdV species: SAdV-H and SAdV-I.
  • Extensive diversity of AdV strains was observed, with distinct clades often originating from closely related host species, particularly Old World monkeys.

Conclusions:

  • Non-human primates harbor a wide array of AdV strains, indicating significant viral diversity within these hosts.
  • The findings support the existence of new AdV species and underscore the need for clear International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) guidelines for provisional species establishment.
Keywords:
AdenovirusPhylogenyPrimateTaxonomy

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