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Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases.

Francesca Ometto1, Lara Friso1, Davide Astorri1

  • 1Medicine Department - DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|November 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Calprotectin, a protein from monocytes and neutrophils, shows promise as a sensitive biomarker for inflammatory and rheumatic diseases. It can predict treatment response and disease relapse, and may even be a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
CalprotectinS100A8/A9biomarkerinflammationrheumatic diseasesrheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Rheumatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils.
  • Its role in inflammation is established, with growing interest in its application to rheumatic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions of calprotectin relevant to rheumatic disorders.
  • To present evidence for calprotectin's potential use as a disease biomarker.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on calprotectin's biological functions and biomarker potential.
  • Analysis of calprotectin's role in the pathogenesis and monitoring of rheumatic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Calprotectin is a stable, room-temperature biomarker for monitoring autoimmune disease activity, predicting treatment response and relapse.
  • It may be more sensitive than C-reactive protein (CRP) in detecting minimal inflammation.
  • Elevated levels are linked to severe rheumatic manifestations like glomerulonephritis and lung fibrosis; levels in saliva and synovial fluid may aid diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Calprotectin is a promising biomarker for inflammatory and rheumatic diseases, offering sensitive detection of inflammation and potential for monitoring disease activity.
  • S100A8 and S100A9 present potential therapeutic targets, with blockade showing promise in murine autoimmune models.